In OLEDs, the hole-transporting layer plays an important role in facilitating hole injection from the anode to the light emitting layer. Therefore, it is important that the hole-transport materials should have electron-donating elements to form stable cation radicals. The need of HTM are acquired from chemical constancy upon device operation, high carrier charge mobility, crystallization, carrier concentration to enable adequate conductivity through the film, and the proper HOMO/LUMO energy level to ensure hole injection into the EML and electron blocking from the anode.
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